A spray tower scrubber(also called a spray chamber scrubber)is a simple,low‑energy wet scrubbing device used to remove particulate matter and gaseous pollutants from industrial exhaust streams.It belongs to the wet scrubber family and is widely applied in air pollution control due to its straightforward design and reliable performance.

Basic Structure

It mainly consists of a vertical cylindrical tower body,gas inlet/outlet,multi‑layer spray nozzles,a recirculation sump,and a mist eliminator.

Tower Body:Usually made of PP,FRP,stainless steel or mild steel with anti‑corrosion lining,providing a closed space for gas‑liquid contact.

Spray Nozzles:Mounted at different heights in the tower,atomize the scrubbing liquid(water or chemical absorbent)into fine droplets.

Mist Eliminator:Installed at the top of the tower to trap entrained liquid droplets and prevent moisture carryover.

Recirculation Sump:Located at the bottom,collects the contaminated liquid for recirculation or further treatment.

Working Principle

The polluted gas enters the tower from the bottom and flows upward(counter‑current flow).Meanwhile,the scrubbing liquid is sprayed downward through the nozzles,forming a dense mist.As the gas and liquid contact fully,pollutants are removed via the following ways:

Particulate Capture:Dust particles collide with liquid droplets,adhere to them,and settle down.

Gas Absorption:Soluble gases(such as SO₂,H₂S,ammonia)dissolve in the liquid or react with chemical reagents in the liquid(e.g.,acid‑base neutralization).

Mist Removal:The cleaned gas passes through the mist eliminator to remove liquid droplets and is then discharged.

Key Features

Advantages

Simple Design&Low Cost:No packing or trays,easy to manufacture,install and maintain with low initial and operational costs.

Low Pressure Drop:Typically 1–2.5 inches of water column,reducing fan energy consumption and allowing the use of existing fans in many cases.

High Efficiency for Soluble Gases&Coarse Dust:Effectively removes particles>10μm and soluble inorganic gases with a removal efficiency of up to 90%.

Anti‑Clogging:Large‑passage nozzles handle scale‑forming reagents(e.g.,limestone slurry)without frequent blockages.

Disadvantages

Poor Fine Particle Removal:Less effective for particles<5μm,often used as a pre‑cleaner.

High Liquid Consumption:Requires a large amount of scrubbing liquid,usually 0.5–8 L per m³of flue gas.

Large Footprint:The vertical structure needs more installation space.